ACADEMIC TOPICS

tariff

A tariff refers to the duty imposed on a foreign item when it is imported into another country. It also refers to custom duties or custom tolls. Before World War II, many countries supported trade protectionism theory, the tariff in the...

tariff engineering

Tariff engineering is the targeted design of a product's characteristics to reduce the tariff to be paid on imports. Unlike tax evasion, tariff engineering is legal. It studies changes to the material, structure, or other characteristics of a...

tax optimization

Tax optimization consists of lowering the amount of tax liability by complying with the tax obligations in force in a given state/country by using the regulations to the taxpayer’s advantage. The taxpayer will thus use and take advantage of...

temporary insanity

In a criminal trial, temporary insanity is a defense that can be raised to assert that, at the time of the commission of the offense, the defendant, as a result of severe mental disease or defect, was unable to appreciate the nature or...

tender offer

Tender offer is a public offer to buy shares of a corporation, usually at above market price and with the intention of gaining controlling interest in the target corporation. An acquirer making a tender offer for more than 5% of a corporation...

terra nullius

Terra nullius is a term that refers to a “territory without a master.” It is a term used in public international law to describe a space that can be inhabited but that does not belong to a state, meaning the land is not owned by anyone. In...

test case

Test cases refer to legal actions brought with the intention of challenging or receiving clarification on a present law. The strategy usually involves creating a “controversy” to get into a court that otherwise would not lead to a legal...

testatrix

Testatrix is an antiquated term used for a female testator. The term testator is now used regardless of gender identity.

[Last updated in March of 2022 by the Wex Definitions Team]

testing-the-waters

Testing-the-waters refers to issuers gauging market interest in their public offering by communicating with certain institutional investors prior to filing a registration statement.

Under Sections 5 and 2(a)(3) of the...

textualism

Textualism is a method of statutory interpretation that asserts that a statute should be interpreted according to its plain meaning and not according to the intent of the legislature, the statutory purpose, or the legislative history.

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